China Commission Says Western Support Has Advanced CCP Goals

Western capital markets, led by the U.S., and corporate outsourcing to give China the “dirty work” and the “low end” tech commodities trade has finally come to this: China is nearly on par with the U.S. in advanced technologies. When that parity arrives, it means the West is losing.

“In the U.S.-China rivalry, the nation with the most advanced technology will be the nation with the biggest economy. With four times our population, if China got to parity on tech with us, it would have four times our GDP and a bigger military. Parity means the West is losing,” said Jacob Helberg, a commission with the U.S. China Economic and Security Review Commission. “Tech dominance should be our north star.” 

Helberg was speaking during Thursday’s Commission hearing titled Current and Emerging Technologies in U.S.-China Economic and National Security Competition. The hearing focused on China’s progress in making gains in the high tech space, where China was positioned in different high end technology markets, and worries of new dependencies.

Commissioner Michael Wessel said U.S. support for Chinese companies have helped them become dominant players in key segments of the global economy. He named a few – semiconductors, telecommunications, biotech and the entirety of the EV battery supply chain at a time when the U.S. and Europe are enticing consumers and manufacturers to buy into the post-fossil fuels transportation economy.

“These new technologies are already disrupting our economy and security interests,” Wessel said during the first panel discussion on Thursday morning. “China’s efforts to gain a decisive edge of emerging technologies are clear, systemic, and are underpinned by government policies and investment,” he added, without clarifying policy specifics, or if those policies included those made here. Regardless, Wessel said that China’s inroads into key areas of advanced tech, coupled with government aid, “presents a significant challenge to U.S. interests across various industries.”

Wessel went on to name two industries in particular – EV batteries and biotech.

China’s growing prowess in biotech makes the U.S. increasingly dependent on China and one day they will be less dependent on the U.S. for agriculture while the U.S. will be more dependent on China, he said, “for things like amino acids, vitamins, and life saving drugs.”

Wessel said that China’s progress in EV battery technology – where it is both a top 10 manufacturer along with Japanese and Korean companies, and an innovator in the space – “has helped it dominate critical nodes of the supply chain and is potentially creating a security risk. Western support for these companies have advanced the goals of the CCP.”

Nazak Nikakhtar, Partner at Wiley Rein LLP [Testimony] and a former Trump administration official working in the Commerce Department, said in the Q&A period that the Defense Department (DoD) is reliant on China for hundreds of electronics. Without China manufacturers, F-16s and aircraft carriers would not get built.

She summed up what is at stake, and how a Chinese Frankenstein monster economy out muscles the U.S. despite our financial resources and human capital.

“Drones are emblematic of the problem. We have (China’s) DJI drones flying around the country. And we have a drone security act which ends in 2028 – that prohibits the DoD from buying drones from China, even though waivers are eligible,” she said about the porousness of Washington’s trade restrictions. “DJI is banned by the DoD because DJI was involved in forced labor. Yet we didn’t even sanction DJI on Homeland’s Uyghur Forced Labor List. We are good at talking about the problem, but do not utilize the laws we have to address the problem. We are stifling development here because of it. There are a number of drone makers here who would love to expand into this market, but they cannot because of China price competition and their dominance of the drone market.”

Today there are over 700 items – raw materials, semi finished goods, and finished goods – that are essential to U.S. national security, and the majority of these supply chains are concentrated or maintained exclusively in China. Much of these supply chains include critical hardware (as well as the raw materials necessary to manufacture the hardware) – such as semiconductors, microprocessors, and electronic computing systems – with backdoor capabilities permitting software-enabled security risks…. Obviously, the United States needs to develop and implement a viable national strategy to protect its essential security interests. It does not have one yet, and time is running out. The degree to which U.S. military platforms depend on Chinese hardware is alarming. It is estimated that approximately 41% of DoD weapon systems and infrastructure supply chains rely on Chinese semiconductors. U.S. Navy vessels, in particular, are utilizing thousands of Chinese semiconductors in critical naval ships with the U.S.’s carrier fleet, the workhorse of the U.S. Navy and the heart of U.S. Indo Pacific Command’s strategic capabilities, utilizing over 5,000 Chinese semiconductors per carrier. Additionally, the U.S. Navy uses Chinese hardware in a variety of other essential naval military platforms, including the F/A 18 aircraft, the F/A 18 Growler, and the Navy’s air-launched armament, including Tomahawk cruise missiles. The DoD’s information technology ecosystem is severely vulnerable according to a 2019 Inspector General report, which found that at least $32.8 million of commercial off-the-shelf IT items procured by DoD officials had known cybersecurity vulnerabilities in FY 2018 alone.

– Nazak Nikakhtar, written testimony to the U.S. China Economic and Security Review Commission, Feb. 1, 2024

Wessel chose an old adage from Vladimir Lenin of Bolshevik Party fame, saying “We are the capitalists selling them the rope they will use to hang us.”

Jack Corrigan, Senior Research Analyst, Center for Security and Emerging Technology [Testimony] talked about telecommunications equipment. The U.S. makes the software; American coders write the code. But it all gets put into equipment made by the Chinese. And as the Chinese learn to make their own software, too, they then have both ends of that market – software and hardware – which to sell to the world. The U.S. has only one part of that market because it does not manufacture enough to be a peer with China in this space, he said.

He gave an example.

“A standard HikVision brand security camera can cost three to six times less than a similar product made in Japan or Canada. If you’re a school looking to buy a camera to monitor your school yard, it may be HikVision or no camera at all,” he said. This line speaks well to what Nazak said earlier in the Q&A session about how this situation makes it uninviting for American investors to try to build up a native rival to the China brands.

Corrigan recommended procurement bans on China internet and telecom equipment across public networks as one solution to try and build up a local manufacturing base for those things. 

The panel also discussed TikTok and whether or not the government should ban its owner, ByteDance, from operating here. TikTok is banned from government issued phones to Federal employees, but talks of a TikTok ban harken back to the Trump-era. Nothing has been done.  

“Washington doesn’t have the backbone to prosecute ByteDance,” Nazak told the Commission.  ByteDance is a portfolio company of Sequoia Capital China, the China arm of California based Sequoia Capital. They broke up last year, likely due to geopolitical pressure. Sequoia Capital China is now simply called HongShan, which means Redwood in Mandarin. Redwood is a Sequoia tree.

Several U.S. firms with promising battery technologies existed 10 to 15 years ago. However, Federal incentives for these industries tailed off; permitting obstacles remained unabated; we failed to counter predatory Chinese trade practices and subsidies; and the nascent EV market stood too small to sustain these kinds of battery companies. In many cases, Chinese firms were all too happy to scoop up what was left with the permission of all-too-willing U.S. CFIUS regulators. Roughly the same thing happened with solar panels and wind turbines; though important to advocates of a “green” energy transition, these products are of significantly lesser strategic consequence than batteries. The demand for advanced batteries – combining lower weight and greater endurance – will only grow across American industry, commerce, and national defense. There is simply no substitution for Chinese battery materials and components unless the U.S. and our allies lift the self-imposed barriers to refining and adopt incentives that make American production economically viable against unfair Chinese trade practice.

– Written testimony by Jeffrey Jeb Nadaner, SVP at data analytics firm Govini, Feb 1, 2024.

The Commission hearing was broken up into three panels. The third panel was interesting to those concerned with the Inflation Reduction Act and its tax benefits going to Chinese companies that dominate the renewable energy supply chain. 

Jeffrey Jeb Nadaner from Govini, a data analytics firm, recommended larger tax incentives and market-shaping mechanisms to level the playing field with Chinese companies who are heavily subsidized and whose market is protected back home. Nadaner also recommended extensive tax credits for capital expenditures that are required to process minerals used in EV batteries. 

“Tax incentives are a genuinely American response to the Chinese unfair trade challenge,” Nadaner said. “Unlike direct subsidies, tax incentives keep pivotal decisions in the hands of entrepreneurs rather than government officials.”

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