(Map showing countries with a VAT in red. Countries without a VAT in blue)
Here is a valuable table showing VAT/consumption tax rates across the world for 2013 courtesy of Stewart and Stewart, a DC law firm specializing in international trade issues.
While other countries have lowered tariffs, they have raised their VATs. Thus, US exports are double taxed. The goods have US taxes embedded in their price, and also must pay foreign taxes. See this CPA issue paper for further information.
This is one way other countries lower tariffs but substitute other barriers. The result is unilateral trade disarmament by the US and 40 years of persistent trade deficits.
VAT Distortion to Goods Trade by Country, 2013 |
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Millions of Dollars |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indirect |
U.S. 2013 |
U.S. 2013 |
Assessment on |
Rebate to |
Total |
% of |
Country |
Tax Rate (%) |
Exports |
Imports |
U.S. Exports |
U.S. Imports |
Distortion |
Total |
Afghanistan◊ |
3.5 |
1,229.46 |
40.05 |
43.0 |
1.4 |
44.4 |
0.010 |
Albania |
20.0 |
72.33 |
22.54 |
14.5 |
4.5 |
19.0 |
0.004 |
Algeria |
17.0 |
1,770.87 |
4,604.32 |
301.0 |
782.7 |
1,083.8 |
0.247 |
Angola |
10.0 |
1,392.33 |
8,902.44 |
139.2 |
890.2 |
1,029.5 |
0.234 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
15.0 |
125.74 |
8.47 |
18.9 |
1.3 |
20.1 |
0.005 |
Argentina |
21.0 |
8,681.65 |
4,603.25 |
1,823.1 |
966.7 |
2,789.8 |
0.635 |
Armenia |
20.0 |
82.81 |
101.39 |
16.6 |
20.3 |
36.8 |
0.008 |
Australia |
10.0 |
23,976.41 |
9,519.27 |
2,397.6 |
951.9 |
3,349.6 |
0.762 |
Austria |
20.0 |
3,334.98 |
9,127.67 |
667.0 |
1,825.5 |
2,492.5 |
0.567 |
Azerbaijan |
18.0 |
324.24 |
1,126.31 |
58.4 |
202.7 |
261.1 |
0.059 |
Bangladesh |
15.0 |
696.59 |
5,303.45 |
104.5 |
795.5 |
900.0 |
0.205 |
Barbados |
17.5 |
398.22 |
55.00 |
69.7 |
9.6 |
79.3 |
0.018 |
Belarus |
20.0 |
83.30 |
103.79 |
16.7 |
20.8 |
37.4 |
0.009 |
Belgium |
21.0 |
26,735.98 |
18,779.01 |
5,614.6 |
3,943.6 |
9,558.1 |
2.174 |
Belize |
12.5 |
226.95 |
134.21 |
28.4 |
16.8 |
45.1 |
0.010 |
Benin |
18.0 |
601.73 |
3.13 |
108.3 |
0.6 |
108.9 |
0.025 |
Bhutan● |
20.0 |
2.02 |
0.54 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
0.000 |
Bolivia |
13.0 |
839.75 |
1,288.48 |
109.2 |
167.5 |
276.7 |
0.063 |
Bosnia-Herzegovina |
17.0 |
36.89 |
56.11 |
6.3 |
9.5 |
15.8 |
0.004 |
Botswana |
12.0 |
77.25 |
283.39 |
9.3 |
34.0 |
43.3 |
0.010 |
Brazil |
17.0 |
37,627.42 |
26,860.55 |
6,396.7 |
4,566.3 |
10,963.0 |
2.494 |
Bulgaria |
20.0 |
284.61 |
520.57 |
56.9 |
104.1 |
161.0 |
0.037 |
Burkina Faso |
18.0 |
74.59 |
6.11 |
13.4 |
1.1 |
14.5 |
0.003 |
Burundi |
18.0 |
141.70 |
29.92 |
25.5 |
5.4 |
30.9 |
0.007 |
Cambodia |
10.0 |
218.12 |
2,748.82 |
21.8 |
274.9 |
296.7 |
0.067 |
Cameroon |
19.3 |
316.41 |
272.93 |
60.9 |
52.5 |
113.4 |
0.026 |
Canada |
5.0 |
251,685.05 |
332,886.86 |
12,584.3 |
16,644.3 |
29,228.6 |
6.648 |
Cape Verde |
15.0 |
9.00 |
2.13 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
1.7 |
0.000 |
Cent. Afr. Rep. |
19.0 |
4.01 |
2.79 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
1.3 |
0.000 |
Chad |
18.0 |
39.53 |
2,413.29 |
7.1 |
434.4 |
441.5 |
0.100 |
Chile |
19.0 |
16,139.28 |
10,387.16 |
3,066.5 |
1,973.6 |
5,040.0 |
1.146 |
China** |
17.0 |
114,313.23 |
438,146.83 |
19,433.2 |
56,959.1 |
76,392.3 |
17.375 |
Colombia |
16.0 |
16,482.05 |
21,364.17 |
2,637.1 |
3,418.3 |
6,055.4 |
1.377 |
Comoros◊ |
9.6 |
3.53 |
2.84 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.000 |
Congo (DROC)● |
13.0 |
164.27 |
75.56 |
21.4 |
9.8 |
31.2 |
0.007 |
Congo (ROC) |
16.0 |
219.09 |
1,265.21 |
35.1 |
202.4 |
237.5 |
0.054 |
Costa Rica |
13.0 |
6,476.59 |
11,885.45 |
842.0 |
1,545.1 |
2,387.1 |
0.543 |
Côte d’Ivoire |
18.0 |
156.49 |
1,005.19 |
28.2 |
180.9 |
209.1 |
0.048 |
Croatia |
25.0 |
296.14 |
413.72 |
74.0 |
103.4 |
177.5 |
0.040 |
Cuba◊ |
12.1 |
357.97 |
0.00 |
43.5 |
0.0 |
43.5 |
0.010 |
Cyprus |
18.0 |
111.60 |
43.41 |
20.1 |
7.8 |
27.9 |
0.006 |
Czech Republic |
21.0 |
1,501.48 |
3,747.38 |
315.3 |
786.9 |
1,102.3 |
0.251 |
Denmark |
25.0 |
1,987.93 |
6,478.99 |
497.0 |
1,619.7 |
2,116.7 |
0.481 |
Djibouti◊ |
13.3 |
161.91 |
3.95 |
21.6 |
0.5 |
22.1 |
0.005 |
Dominica Island |
15.0 |
74.10 |
2.61 |
11.1 |
0.4 |
11.5 |
0.003 |
Dominican Republic |
18.0 |
6,737.28 |
4,205.76 |
1,212.7 |
757.0 |
1,969.7 |
0.448 |
Ecuador |
12.0 |
6,634.07 |
11,453.87 |
796.1 |
1,374.5 |
2,170.6 |
0.494 |
Egypt |
10.0 |
5,084.80 |
1,629.19 |
508.5 |
162.9 |
671.4 |
0.153 |
El Salvador |
13.0 |
2,782.36 |
2,433.49 |
361.7 |
316.4 |
678.1 |
0.154 |
Equatorial Guinea |
15.0 |
732.17 |
920.50 |
109.8 |
138.1 |
247.9 |
0.056 |
Eritrea◊ |
7.5 |
11.02 |
0.09 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.8 |
0.000 |
Estonia |
20.0 |
272.49 |
422.44 |
54.5 |
84.5 |
139.0 |
0.032 |
Ethiopia |
15.0 |
665.34 |
193.57 |
99.8 |
29.0 |
128.8 |
0.029 |
Fiji |
15.0 |
63.41 |
174.04 |
9.5 |
26.1 |
35.6 |
0.008 |
Finland |
24.0 |
2,066.11 |
4,850.49 |
495.9 |
1,164.1 |
1,660.0 |
0.378 |
France |
19.6 |
28,350.86 |
44,697.36 |
5,556.8 |
8,760.7 |
14,317.5 |
3.256 |
Gabon |
18.0 |
230.82 |
1,045.68 |
41.5 |
188.2 |
229.8 |
0.052 |
Gambia |
15.0 |
34.43 |
1.69 |
5.2 |
0.3 |
5.4 |
0.001 |
Georgia |
18.0 |
485.17 |
167.99 |
87.3 |
30.2 |
117.6 |
0.027 |
Germany |
19.0 |
42,371.89 |
112,232.71 |
8,050.7 |
21,324.2 |
29,374.9 |
6.681 |
Ghana |
12.5 |
1,048.34 |
308.51 |
131.0 |
38.6 |
169.6 |
0.039 |
Greece |
23.0 |
654.86 |
951.94 |
150.6 |
218.9 |
369.6 |
0.084 |
Grenada |
15.0 |
89.42 |
9.46 |
13.4 |
1.4 |
14.8 |
0.003 |
Guatemala |
12.0 |
5,093.46 |
4,160.54 |
611.2 |
499.3 |
1,110.5 |
0.253 |
Guinea |
18.0 |
74.18 |
90.05 |
13.4 |
16.2 |
29.6 |
0.007 |
Guinea-Bissau |
15.0 |
6.27 |
3.22 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
1.4 |
0.000 |
Guyana |
16.0 |
299.47 |
460.22 |
47.9 |
73.6 |
121.5 |
0.028 |
Haiti |
10.0 |
1,209.08 |
809.09 |
120.9 |
80.9 |
201.8 |
0.046 |
Honduras |
12.0 |
5,040.95 |
4,396.61 |
604.9 |
527.6 |
1,132.5 |
0.258 |
Hungary |
27.0 |
1,466.37 |
3,676.32 |
395.9 |
992.6 |
1,388.5 |
0.316 |
Iceland |
25.5 |
452.16 |
291.22 |
115.3 |
74.3 |
189.6 |
0.043 |
India |
12.5 |
16,911.39 |
41,458.90 |
2,113.9 |
5,182.4 |
7,296.3 |
1.660 |
Indonesia |
10.0 |
8,914.82 |
18,775.89 |
891.5 |
1,877.6 |
2,769.1 |
0.630 |
Iran |
4.0 |
302.33 |
2.21 |
12.1 |
0.1 |
12.2 |
0.003 |
Ireland |
23.0 |
5,659.07 |
31,336.39 |
1,301.6 |
7,207.4 |
8,509.0 |
1.935 |
Israel |
18.0 |
7,826.77 |
22,660.51 |
1,408.8 |
4,078.9 |
5,487.7 |
1.248 |
Italy |
21.0 |
15,362.22 |
38,273.59 |
3,226.1 |
8,037.5 |
11,263.5 |
2.562 |
Jamaica |
16.5 |
1,872.07 |
400.26 |
308.9 |
66.0 |
374.9 |
0.085 |
Japan |
5.0 |
59,688.69 |
137,953.87 |
2,984.4 |
6,897.7 |
9,882.1 |
2.248 |
Jordan |
16.0 |
1,966.89 |
1,195.97 |
314.7 |
191.4 |
506.1 |
0.115 |
Kazakhstan |
12.0 |
1,020.16 |
1,120.88 |
122.4 |
134.5 |
256.9 |
0.058 |
Kenya |
16.0 |
619.87 |
432.05 |
99.2 |
69.1 |
168.3 |
0.038 |
Kiribati◊ |
5.0 |
2.99 |
1.02 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.000 |
Korea |
10.0 |
39,008.21 |
61,978.84 |
3,900.8 |
6,197.9 |
10,098.7 |
2.297 |
North Korea◊ |
8.5 |
6.58 |
0.00 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
0.6 |
0.000 |
Kuwait |
0.0 |
2,303.65 |
10,961.16 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.000 |
Kyrgyzstan |
12.0 |
103.53 |
3.40 |
12.4 |
0.4 |
12.8 |
0.003 |
Laos |
10.0 |
20.58 |
29.73 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
0.001 |
Latvia |
21.0 |
460.18 |
269.50 |
96.6 |
56.6 |
153.2 |
0.035 |
Lebanon |
10.0 |
966.94 |
91.67 |
96.7 |
9.2 |
105.9 |
0.024 |
Lesotho |
14.0 |
0.56 |
358.87 |
0.1 |
50.2 |
50.3 |
0.011 |
Liberia |
7.0 |
167.47 |
92.63 |
11.7 |
6.5 |
18.2 |
0.004 |
Liechtenstein |
8.0 |
16.67 |
294.30 |
1.3 |
23.5 |
24.9 |
0.006 |
Lithuania |
21.0 |
718.13 |
1,519.02 |
150.8 |
319.0 |
469.8 |
0.107 |
Luxembourg |
15.0 |
1,764.96 |
633.56 |
264.7 |
95.0 |
359.8 |
0.082 |
Macedonia |
18.0 |
55.13 |
61.85 |
9.9 |
11.1 |
21.1 |
0.005 |
Madagascar |
20.0 |
62.92 |
178.23 |
12.6 |
35.6 |
48.2 |
0.011 |
Malawi |
16.5 |
41.23 |
63.92 |
6.8 |
10.5 |
17.3 |
0.004 |
Malaysia |
10.0 |
11,132.03 |
27,241.13 |
1,113.2 |
2,724.1 |
3,837.3 |
0.873 |
Mali |
18.0 |
47.05 |
3.69 |
8.5 |
0.7 |
9.1 |
0.002 |
Malta |
18.0 |
528.27 |
213.55 |
95.1 |
38.4 |
133.5 |
0.030 |
Marshall Islands◊ |
7.5 |
63.93 |
16.97 |
4.8 |
1.3 |
6.1 |
0.001 |
Mauritania |
14.0 |
240.83 |
130.69 |
33.7 |
18.3 |
52.0 |
0.012 |
Mauritius |
15.0 |
38.06 |
338.02 |
5.7 |
50.7 |
56.4 |
0.013 |
Mexico |
16.0 |
181,690.19 |
277,663.68 |
29,070.4 |
44,426.2 |
73,496.6 |
16.717 |
Micronesia◊ |
4.0 |
40.63 |
1.79 |
1.6 |
0.1 |
1.7 |
0.000 |
Moldova |
20.0 |
41.80 |
34.91 |
8.4 |
7.0 |
15.3 |
0.003 |
Monaco |
20.0 |
296.39 |
64.85 |
59.3 |
13.0 |
72.2 |
0.016 |
Mongolia |
10.0 |
261.94 |
19.61 |
26.2 |
2.0 |
28.2 |
0.006 |
Montenegro |
17.0 |
20.56 |
1.51 |
3.5 |
0.3 |
3.8 |
0.001 |
Morocco |
20.0 |
2,277.82 |
998.59 |
455.6 |
199.7 |
655.3 |
0.149 |
Mozambique |
17.0 |
301.15 |
75.90 |
51.2 |
12.9 |
64.1 |
0.015 |
Myanmar◊ |
17.5 |
15.28 |
4.30 |
2.7 |
0.8 |
3.4 |
0.001 |
Namibia |
15.0 |
195.21 |
262.50 |
29.3 |
39.4 |
68.7 |
0.016 |
Nepal |
13.0 |
29.61 |
77.87 |
3.8 |
10.1 |
14.0 |
0.003 |
Netherlands |
21.0 |
37,136.95 |
18,850.29 |
7,798.8 |
3,958.6 |
11,757.3 |
2.674 |
New Zealand |
15.0 |
2,948.84 |
3,476.26 |
442.3 |
521.4 |
963.8 |
0.219 |
Nicaragua |
15.0 |
948.87 |
2,747.03 |
142.3 |
412.1 |
554.4 |
0.126 |
Niger |
19.0 |
45.22 |
2.32 |
8.6 |
0.4 |
9.0 |
0.002 |
Nigeria* |
5.0 |
6,335.34 |
11,942.45 |
316.8 |
0.0 |
316.8 |
0.072 |
Niue |
5.0 |
0.22 |
0.31 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.000 |
Norway |
25.0 |
4,322.80 |
5,435.33 |
1,080.7 |
1,358.8 |
2,439.5 |
0.555 |
Oman◊ |
0.0 |
1,423.45 |
1,022.45 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.000 |
Pakistan |
16.0 |
1,608.74 |
3,665.64 |
257.4 |
586.5 |
843.9 |
0.192 |
Panama |
7.0 |
10,176.27 |
429.86 |
712.3 |
30.1 |
742.4 |
0.169 |
Papua New Guinea |
10.0 |
162.05 |
129.04 |
16.2 |
12.9 |
29.1 |
0.007 |
Paraguay |
10.0 |
1,766.80 |
273.74 |
176.7 |
27.4 |
204.1 |
0.046 |
Peru |
18.0 |
8,857.20 |
8,143.09 |
1,594.3 |
1,465.8 |
3,060.1 |
0.696 |
Philippines |
12.0 |
7,885.71 |
9,238.57 |
946.3 |
1,108.6 |
2,054.9 |
0.467 |
Poland |
23.0 |
3,654.08 |
4,820.88 |
840.4 |
1,108.8 |
1,949.2 |
0.443 |
Portugal |
23.0 |
769.17 |
2,808.64 |
176.9 |
646.0 |
822.9 |
0.187 |
Romania |
24.0 |
669.43 |
1,687.10 |
160.7 |
404.9 |
565.6 |
0.129 |
Russia |
18.0 |
10,352.04 |
25,930.82 |
1,863.4 |
4,667.5 |
6,530.9 |
1.485 |
Rwanda |
18.0 |
24.23 |
24.45 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
0.002 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
17.0 |
124.50 |
54.41 |
21.2 |
9.3 |
30.4 |
0.007 |
Saint Lucia◊ |
22.5 |
648.15 |
16.49 |
145.8 |
3.7 |
149.5 |
0.034 |
St Vincent & Gren. |
15.0 |
88.64 |
2.89 |
13.3 |
0.4 |
13.7 |
0.003 |
Samoa* |
15.0 |
27.34 |
4.44 |
4.1 |
0.0 |
4.1 |
0.001 |
Sao Tome & Principe◊ |
8.0 |
1.95 |
0.25 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.000 |
Senegal |
18.0 |
223.90 |
16.98 |
40.3 |
3.1 |
43.4 |
0.010 |
Serbia |
20.0 |
132.55 |
517.11 |
26.5 |
103.4 |
129.9 |
0.030 |
Seychelles◊ |
13.5 |
10.64 |
5.76 |
1.4 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
0.001 |
Sierra Leone |
15.0 |
78.03 |
41.56 |
11.7 |
6.2 |
17.9 |
0.004 |
Singapore |
7.0 |
26,690.14 |
17,671.43 |
1,868.3 |
1,237.0 |
3,105.3 |
0.706 |
Slovak Republic |
20.0 |
275.57 |
1,752.35 |
55.1 |
350.5 |
405.6 |
0.092 |
Slovenia |
22.0 |
256.90 |
564.78 |
56.5 |
124.3 |
180.8 |
0.041 |
Solomon Islands◊ |
10.0 |
8.48 |
8.83 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.7 |
0.000 |
Somalia |
14.0 |
14.85 |
1.19 |
2.1 |
0.2 |
2.2 |
0.001 |
South Africa |
14.0 |
6,699.79 |
8,395.05 |
938.0 |
1,175.3 |
2,113.3 |
0.481 |
Spain |
21.0 |
9,835.73 |
11,615.48 |
2,065.5 |
2,439.3 |
4,504.8 |
1.025 |
Sri Lanka |
12.0 |
295.48 |
2,381.89 |
35.5 |
285.8 |
321.3 |
0.073 |
Sudan |
10.0 |
83.15 |
10.24 |
8.3 |
1.0 |
9.3 |
0.002 |
Suriname◊* |
9.0 |
430.09 |
302.64 |
38.7 |
0.0 |
38.7 |
0.009 |
Sweden |
25.0 |
3,922.43 |
9,138.36 |
980.6 |
2,284.6 |
3,265.2 |
0.743 |
Swaziland |
14.0 |
21.67 |
58.91 |
3.0 |
8.2 |
11.3 |
0.003 |
Switzerland |
8.0 |
22,040.10 |
28,094.93 |
1,763.2 |
2,247.6 |
4,010.8 |
0.912 |
Taiwan |
5.0 |
23,269.68 |
37,538.74 |
1,163.5 |
1,876.9 |
3,040.4 |
0.692 |
Tajikistan |
20.0 |
50.74 |
0.67 |
10.1 |
0.1 |
10.3 |
0.002 |
Tanzania |
18.0 |
414.16 |
70.32 |
74.5 |
12.7 |
87.2 |
0.020 |
Thailand |
7.0 |
10,638.84 |
26,089.48 |
744.7 |
1,826.3 |
2,571.0 |
0.585 |
Timor-Leste◊ |
3.8 |
1.23 |
0.12 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.000 |
Togo |
18.0 |
949.29 |
7.72 |
170.9 |
1.4 |
172.3 |
0.039 |
Tonga |
15.0 |
19.02 |
1.72 |
2.9 |
0.3 |
3.1 |
0.001 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
15.0 |
2,200.84 |
6,376.38 |
330.1 |
956.5 |
1,286.6 |
0.293 |
Tunisia |
18.0 |
803.98 |
736.06 |
144.7 |
132.5 |
277.2 |
0.063 |
Turkey |
18.0 |
11,683.79 |
6,556.96 |
2,103.1 |
1,180.3 |
3,283.3 |
0.747 |
Turkmenistan |
15.0 |
257.53 |
31.12 |
38.6 |
4.7 |
43.3 |
0.010 |
Tuvalu |
5.0 |
0.55 |
0.03 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.000 |
Uganda |
18.0 |
111.04 |
47.02 |
20.0 |
8.5 |
28.5 |
0.006 |
Ukraine |
20.0 |
1,892.22 |
1,020.72 |
378.4 |
204.1 |
582.6 |
0.133 |
United Kingdom |
20.0 |
41,227.87 |
52,165.30 |
8,245.6 |
10,433.1 |
18,678.6 |
4.248 |
Uruguay |
22.0 |
1,379.61 |
420.49 |
303.5 |
92.5 |
396.0 |
0.090 |
Uzbekistan |
20.0 |
318.30 |
26.59 |
63.7 |
5.3 |
69.0 |
0.016 |
Vanuatu |
12.5 |
33.85 |
4.14 |
4.2 |
0.5 |
4.7 |
0.001 |
Venezuela |
12.0 |
12,410.94 |
27,035.86 |
1,489.3 |
3,244.3 |
4,733.6 |
1.077 |
Vietnam |
10.0 |
4,713.87 |
24,396.84 |
471.4 |
2,439.7 |
2,911.1 |
0.662 |
Yemen |
5.0 |
451.31 |
65.59 |
22.6 |
3.3 |
25.8 |
0.006 |
Zambia |
16.0 |
131.44 |
37.35 |
21.0 |
6.0 |
27.0 |
0.006 |
Zimbabwe |
15.0 |
49.84 |
13.88 |
7.5 |
2.1 |
9.6 |
0.002 |
Total |
1,278,564 |
2,165,440 |
166,111 |
273,550 |
439,661 |
100.000 |
|
U.S. Trade with World |
1,372,038.64 |
2,239,750.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
% Trade Affected |
93.19% |
96.68% |
|
Total Distortion: $440 Billion |
|
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Avg Rate on U.S. Exports |
12.11% |
|
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Avg Rate on U.S. Imports |
|
12.21% |
|
|
|||
Avg Unweighted Tax Rate |
15.08% |
|
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Notes regarding the table.
|
Notes: |
|
Indirect taxes include value-added taxes (VAT), turnover taxes, general consumption taxes (GCT), and general |
sales taxes (GST). Only countries with border adjustable indirect tax systems are included. |
|
◊ Indirect tax rate is average of multiple rates provided by Deloitte. |
|
● Multiple indirect tax rates listed; the one used in this chart is the “most common rate” or “main sales tax rate” |
according to Deloitte. |
|
“Assessment on U.S. Exports” is an estimate for each country equal to the product of the country’s standard |
indirect tax rate and the value of U.S. exports to that country. |
|
“Rebate to U.S. Imports” is an estimate for each country equal to the product of the country’s standard indirect tax |
rate and the value of U.S. imports from that country. |
|
Lower or higher rates for individual products are not accounted for, nor is the fact that border assessments at the |
indirect tax rate are generally assessed on the U.S. export’s landed duty-paid value rather than the FAS value. |
|
* Country does not zero-rate exports, and thus the rebate to U.S. imports is calculated at zero. |
|
** China’s export rebate is calculated at the more 13% rebate rate that is more prevalent for exports rather than |
the standard 17% VAT rate assessed on most imports. |
|
|
Sources: |
|
1. Country classifications are from the U.S. Department of State’s list of independent states in the world. |
|
2. Imports for consumption and domestic export statistics are from the U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Statistics. |
Numbers are on a census basis. Export numbers are F.A.S. values, and import numbers are customs values. |
|
3. Except as indicated below, all indirect tax rates are from Deloitte, “Global Indirect Tax Rates,” available at: |
http://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/tax/solutions/global-indirect-tax-rates.html |
|
The Deloitte website “Global Indirect Tax Rates” does not say when it was last updated, but seems to have been |
updated to 2014 (see Japan’s rate). Despite this, by reference to the KPMG’s “Indirect Tax Rates Table”, rates for |
2013 and 2014 are the same for most countries, so this chart continues to use Deloitte as the main source of data, |
except for the following: |
|
(1) Rates for Japan, Cyprus, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan and Samoa are from KPMG, “Indirect Tax Rates Table (2013),” available at: |
|
(2) Rate for Cameron is from the World Bank’s ‘Doing Business 2014’ website, available at |
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/cameroon#paying-taxes. 2013 data are not available. |
|
(3) Rates for Malaysia and Columbia are “main sales tax rates” according to both the World Bank and KPMG. |